A correctly installed energizer sends an electrical current along the fence. An animal touching the wire creates a path for the electrical current through its body to the ground and back to the energizer via the earth (ground) system, thus completing the circuit.
A Power Fence is made up of 3 components:

• an energizer that gives regular current pulses;
• a fence system to conduct the current;
• an earthing system that conducts the current back to the energizer;
• an animal that gets a shock when it comes into contact with the fence, so the circuit is realized.

An animal or vegetation touching the fence will close the system causing the power to flow. The resistance of an animal or human body is 500 Ohm maximum. Energy loss can be caused by poor insulators, shorts and vegetation growth on the wires resulting in a drop in voltage. The heavier the vegetation the more powerful the energizer should be in order to scorch through.